@article{oai:nipr.repo.nii.ac.jp:00010139,
 author = {Tabuchi, Hiroshi and Seppala, Matti and Tabuchi, Hiroshi and Seppala, Matti},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {Polar science, Polar science},
 month = {Aug},
 note = {A very large surface inversion, which would not have been detected at the official recording height of 2 m above the mire surface, was recorded at the snow surface of an earth hummock in Lapland. The maximum inversion was 35 °C, and the monthly temperature departure was 7.8 °C in December 1992. The characteristics of the surface inversion are compared with conditions during another winter when no long inversion periods occurred. The presence of this surface inversion may explain the formation of new permafrost in pounus, even when official records showed no unusually low temperatures., フィンランド北部のパルサとポウヌ（主に泥炭で構成される小さいアースハンモック）が発達する地域において、比較的温暖な1992～1993年の冬期に、2mの高度以下で非常に大きな気温の逆転現象（接地逆転）が記録され、永久凍土が形成された。パルサが最初に形成されるような凍結深度の異常な深さは、雪の被覆とこのような接地逆転との組合せによって説明することができる。一度、パルサの内部に凍土が形成されると、凍土は表層まで上昇してくるため、その形成に強い寒気を必要としなくなる。},
 pages = {237--251},
 title = {Surface temperature inversion in the palsa and pounu fields of northern Finland},
 volume = {6},
 year = {2012}
}