@article{oai:nipr.repo.nii.ac.jp:00010040,
 author = {Laney, Samuel R. and Krishfield, Richard A. and Toole, John M. and Hammar, Terence R. and Ashjian, Carin J. and Timmermans, Mary-Louise and Laney, Samuel R. and Krishfield, Richard A. and Toole, John M. and Hammar, Terence R. and Ashjian, Carin J. and Timmermans, Mary-Louise},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {Polar science, Polar science},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {Under-ice observations of algal biomass and seasonality are critical for understanding better how climate-driven changes affect polar ocean ecosystems. However, seasonal and interannual variability in algal biomass has been studied sparsely in perennially ice-covered polar ocean regions. To address this gap in polar ocean observing, bio-optical sensors for measuring chlorophyll fluorescence, optical scattering, dissolved organic matter fluorescence, and incident solar radiation were integrated into Ice-Tethered Profilers (ITPs). Eight such systems have been deployed in the Arctic Ocean, with five profilers completing their deployments to date including two that observed an entire annual cycle in the central Arctic Ocean and Beaufort Sea respectively. These time series revealed basic seasonal differences in the vertical distributions of algal biomass and related bio-optical properties in these two regions of the Arctic Ocean. Because they conduct profiles on daily or sub-daily scales, ITP bio-optical data allow more accurate assessments of the timing of changes in under-ice algal biomass such as the onset of the growing season in the water column, the subsequent export of particulate organic matter at the end, and the frequency of intermittent perturbations, which in the central Arctic Ocean were observed to have time scales of between one and two weeks., 海氷下における藻類生産量とその季節性の観測は、気候変化が極域海洋生態系に与える影響を理解するうえで重要である。しかし、四季を通じて氷で覆われている極域海洋での観測例はまばらである。この観測ギャップを埋めるため、クロロフィル蛍光量、光散乱量、溶存有機物蛍光量、及び入射太陽光量を測定するセンサーを氷係留プロファイラーシステム（ITP）に組み込んだ。北極海域に設置した５つのITPのうち、中央部とBeaufort Seaに設置したシステムでは、生産量の垂直分布と季節変化の違いを示す年周変化を完全に捉えることができた。観測はsubdailyの時間スケールで行われていて、１－２週間で完結する成長期の開始やその後の成熟期における粒状有機物の運び出し、間欠的に起きる擾乱の頻度などを正確に把握できる。},
 pages = {73--85},
 title = {Assessing algal biomass and bio-optical distributions in perennially ice-covered polar ocean ecosystems},
 volume = {8},
 year = {2014}
}