National Institute of Polar Research/Hokkaido University/Tokyo University of Fisheries/National Institute of Polar Research/The Museum, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University/Kyoto University/Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo/National Institute of Polar Research/ Graduate University of Advanced Studies/Graduate University of Advanced Studies /Tohoku University/Tokyo-Kasei University/ Tokyo-Kasei University
As part of Southern Ocean GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem and Dynamics) sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Ocean Research and cosponsored by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, the research program of Sea Ice and Penguin Study (SEPENS) had been conducted at Syowa Station area. The program was promoted from 1995/6 to 1999/2000 season as one of the 5 years-core projects of Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) aiming to understand how Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) respond to change of ice condition through their foraging and breeding behavior as indicator species of marine ecosystem changes. During 5 years season we surveyed the sea ice condition, diving and trip pattern and nest attendance pattern of penguins.